There are many conditions that can result in degeneration of the knee joint. Osteoarthritis is the most common reason that patients need to undergo knee replacement surgery. This condition is commonly referred to as "wear and tear arthritis." Osteoarthritis can occur with no previous history of injury to the knee joint - the knee simply "wears out." There may be a genetic tendency in some people that increases their chances of developing osteoarthritis.

The major problem in osteoarthritis is that the cartilage (the articular cartilage) on the surface of the bone inside the joint wears away. This results in bone rubbing against bone since the slick protective surface of the articular cartilage is absent. This causes pain. Abnormalities of knee joint function resulting from fractures of the knee, torn cartilage and torn ligaments can lead to degeneration many years after the injury. The mechanical abnormality leads to excessive wear and tear - just like the out-of-balance tire that wears out too soon on your car.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a degenerative knee joint usually begin as pain while bearing weight on the affected knee. You may limp and the knee may become swollen with fluid. The degeneration can lead to a reduction in the range of motion of the affected knee as the knee bends less than normal and may lose the ability to completely straighten out. Bone spurs will usually develop and can be seen on an x-ray. Finally, as the condition becomes worse, the pain may be present all the time and may even keep you awake at night.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a degenerative knee starts with a complete history and physical examination by your doctor. He will ask about any other medical conditions and surgical conditions. X-rays will be required to determine the extent of the degenerative process and may suggest a cause for the degeneration. Other tests may be required if there is reason to believe that other conditions are contributing to the degenerative process. Blood tests may be required to rule out systemic arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis) or infection in the knee.

Is Knee Arthritis Affecting Your Mobility?

The osteoarthritis (OA) in your knees may have affected your ability to move freely more than you realize. To check your mobility, try the movements below that demonstrate everyday activities. Pay close attention to how easy or difficult they are for you today compared to a time before you had OA.

If you have difficulty performing any of the movements below, it may be time to speak with your doctor about your knee pain treatment options.

Walk several steps, leading with the left foot.	Bend at the hips and knees, as if you are watering flowers.
Prented to drive a car, pushing the gas pedal and brake with the right foot; then repeat with the left foot.	Hold an imaginary golf club with one hand over the other; twist your hips and swing the club; make sure you follow through