Anatomy of the Healthy Knee
The healthy knee joint is formed by the top of the shinbone called the tibia and the bottom of the thighbone, or femur. Your kneecap is called the patella. Cartilage provides padding between the bones and helps assure an effortless, smooth gliding movement of the joint. A special membrane called the synovial membrane produces a lubricant that contributes to the smooth movement of the knee.
When it is healthy, the knee is a remarkable mechanism. When arthritis intrudes, however, the knee is unable to effectively cushion the body from impact and stress. The result is erosion of the joint and pain that can gradually hamper your quality of life, reduce your independence and make it hard -- or impossible -- to do the things you want to do.
The knee can become the victim of Arthritis and other types of degenerative disease and trauma, some of which can only be remedied by surgery. The most common conditions include:
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